This makes the routing protocol too slow to react to fast topology change and also does not consider network congestion when forwarding a data packet. Currently existing routing protocols usually require the exchange of additional control message between neighbor nodes to compute QoS parameters. VANETs require time-critical message delivery, as late delivery may result in endangering lives. However, as compared to MANETs, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) face additional challenges due to a rapid topology change, making the estimation or prediction of QoS parameters difficult or stale. QoS-aware routing based on ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithms is a promising approach to overcome these problems. QoS-aware routing in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) is a major challenge due to node mobility and scarcity of resources. The results indicate that the proposed approach significantly improves the overall reliability of communication with respect to packet and frame delivery metrics. The proposed approach includes details on the underlying communication architecture, a procedure for selecting the best radio access technology, a real test platform complemented by a standard software protocol stack, and finally an extensive performance evaluation of the proposed solution based on field test measurements. This article proposes a hybrid communication approach based on 4G/LTE and IEEE 802.11p technologies to support a V2X video streaming application. Since 4G/LTE is generally not free, it is therefore highly desirable to minimize the time during which the cellular interface is used and to return to the IEEE 802.11p/DSRC interface. On the other hand, a dual-interface hybrid architecture may have a failover or backup mechanism and benefits from more reliable alternatives such as cellular networks for occasionally offloading data transmission by radio access technology (RAT) selection and vertical handover (VHO) process. However, the attenuation of the IEEE 802.11p/DSRC communication link, due to static and mobile obstructing objects, degrades the link quality and can compromise the QoS requirements of the supported applications. For example, high-bandwidth applications, such as video streaming, require highly reliable communication. The required performance of the supported services differs considerably in terms of bandwidth, latency and communication reliability. Each application places distinct quality of service (QoS) constraints on the exchange of information. Communication between vehicles enables a wide array of applications and services ranging from road safety to traffic management and infotainment.
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